Arch Daily |
- Cottage in Vilnius / Studio Interjero Architektura + Architect Indre Sunklodiene
- Kindergarten, Sports Hall and Music School / Schenker Salvi Weber Architekten
- Dormitories in Zhejiang University / STI Studio from the Architectural Design & Research Institute of Zhejiang University
- Lotte Buyeo Resort Baeksangwon / Kim Seunghoy (Seoul National University) + KYWC Architects
- Scene House / LCGA Design
- Thyssenkrupp GSS / Arquitetura Nacional
- Conference: RESONATE | Thinking Sound and Space
- Vistas de Cerro Grande Community Center / Arquitectura en Proceso
- CF Møller’s Nature Park is Designed to Flood to Save the Nearby Town
- Chiviquí Houses / Bernardo Bustamante
- The Glacier Shelter Built from Nothing but Wood
- Memoir Medical Clinic / Estudio ELGUE
- How to Survive Your Very First Critique in Architecture School
- ED Cabin / Lorena Troncoso Valencia
- Architecture Documentaries to Watch in 2018
- Micro-Scale Modeling: How to Construct Tiny, Intricate Worlds From Ordinary Materials
- CONCRETUS House / SINGULAR STUDIO
Cottage in Vilnius / Studio Interjero Architektura + Architect Indre Sunklodiene Posted: 08 Jan 2018 07:00 PM PST
Text description provided by the architects. The clients of this cottage in Vilnius are a young couple, who worked in London while all project of their new home in Vilnius was in progress. This task was to make a cozy apartment with 2 floors in cozy modern- Scandinavian style with an edge. The main problem in 1 floor was an oblong space. The idea of a long TV cabinet combined with a soft bench for a dining table came like solving this problem with no extra space for a dining area. Huge metal shelf with a wooden cubes gives a depth for this living space. The kitchen area is in the other back of a building in a narrow space. The white rhombus tiles poured out up to a ceiling on a black contrasted wall. Bright oak cabinets coming like a cozy warming material in a kitchen area. The main tv wall in a living room in colored with a grey ombre effect and the opposite shelf and fireplace wall is left with old white colored bricks. Upper ceiling part in a living room has a structured grey painted stucco remaining concrete while other walls and ceilings are painted white with black wooden surrounds that gives a contrast effect in colors and structures. Small WC space has a space-saving doors that opens to both sides. The materials are used in contrast again: birch plywood and black hexagonal tiles, with a white colored metal mesh details under the washbasin and as a door for a mashing machine space. The narrow staircase has a mirror cabinet wall in the intermediate floor for a more optical space. One wall is painted in white with a white geometric wall lamps while the other is painted in dark grey and coming to the second floor where the niche left in a building project was used for a book shelf with a leads. The bedroom has a not usual plan and space- it is small but has a high ceiling. There was a featured wall with an openwork shutter white panels and long curtains made to highlight the ceiling height. The poured out chevron form tiles are used for a 2nd floor bathroom as the leading detail in this flat. The owners of this cottage works with a IT book sphere so they needed a big comfortable work area- cabinet. So that room was adapted to their needs with 2 working spaces, comfortable sofa and metal mesh wall- shelf detail coming into mesh closet around the corner. This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now |
Kindergarten, Sports Hall and Music School / Schenker Salvi Weber Architekten Posted: 08 Jan 2018 06:00 PM PST
Text description provided by the architects. Dialogue with the Alpine Landscape There wasn't much space for the new building in the 7000-person community of Absam, the "village of the Olympians" in the Hall-Wattens region, just 20 minutes by car from Innsbruck. So the architects Schenker Salvi Weber decided to situate the sports hall underground and, for structural reasons, build the two-story kindergarten atop in a lightweight wood frame construction. Harmonious Dramaturgy The new kindergarten complements the 110-year-old historic primary school to create a protected and inviting schoolyard against the picturesque Alpine backdrop of the Karwendel mountain chain. Its built volume matches the modest scale of the village and the children and integrates seamlessly into the existing ensemble. In keeping with the surroundings, the two-story wood building is clad with scratched plaster. Inside the Kindergarten: A Playful Learning Landscape at a Child's Scale The interior of the passive house promotes a philosophy prevalent in the work of the architects. Here the rooms are structured into a harmonious spatial continuum, a playful learning landscape at a child's scale with a diverse range of attractive views both to the outside and inside, horizontally and vertically. The house accommodates 120 kindergarten and 24 nursery places, which are distributed throughout eight group rooms. Different sized perforations in the façade have soffits you can sit on and offer framed views to nature literally "at eye level" – both for the little ones as well as adults. Niches, community spaces, open and intimate room sequences alternate and flow into one another. Their functions can be modified as desired by the supervisors through doors, curtains, and sliding panels, fostering spaces for smaller groups, creative games, or the afternoon nap while maintaining a good overview of all activities. Material and Color Concept of the Kindergarten The color and material concept – pastel colors with oiled oak wood furnishings, solid oak parquet floors, felt curtains, and light-brown wood wool acoustic ceilings – is consciously reserved, just like the high-quality oiled oak furniture designed by Schenker Salvi Weber and manufactured by regional handcraft businesses. Bright Subterranean Triple Gymnasium The material concept of the kindergarten is continued in the underground 44 x 22 meter triple gymnasium with white wood wool acoustic ceilings and warm oak for the window frames, doors, handrails, and spectator stands. As a dominant accent, the architects selected the raw haptics of exposed concrete and bright mineral ceramic tiling, emphasizing a subterranean, mineral, and cavernous quality. Music School under the Roof The sports hall is connected to the primary school via an underground passageway. Under its historic hip roof a music school is housed on a mere 550 square meters with six rehearsal rooms and a large auditorium furnished with a generous, space-saving seating surface as opposed to chairs. Reference is made to the materiality of the kindergarten and gymnasium here as well. The warm oak wood combines elegantly with the white painted roof structure, and the acoustically-effective, white-glazed laths create a bright and festive atmosphere, making the smaller spaces seem all the more generous. Product Description: Material and Color Concept of the Kindergarten The color and material concept – pastel colors with oiled oak wood furnishings, solid oak parquet floors, felt curtains, and light-brown wood wool acoustic ceilings – is consciously reserved, just like the high-quality oiled oak furniture designed by Schenker Salvi Weber and manufactured by regional handcraft businesses. The solid wood children's tables and chairs were made by the Tyrolean furniture company Hussl. "We wanted to create spaces as functionally flexible as possible and without too many fixed borders. The materials and colors should communicate warmth and comfort and step back to serve as an ideal background for the creativity of the children, who will anyway add their own personal touches of color." Schenker Salvi Weber This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now |
Posted: 08 Jan 2018 02:00 PM PST
Text description provided by the architects. This is probably one of the most humanized students' dormitories among all the universities in Zhejiang province or even in China. Due to the architect make good use of the site, arranging all the room spaces facing south. This provides students with accommodation space where could meet sunshine all the year round in the limited site. It is of great importance to improve the living condition in south China, considering the humid climate. General conception of design: "the growing buildings" The skyline: the lie of a mountain The change of space: "permeation" The design of facade: "rhythms" Ecological Region: "the shadow of bamboo" Functions: communication This group of dormitories in Zhejiang University of science and technology, inserting the scenery of mountains and gardens into the buildings by using traditional Chinese design methods, and providing joyful visual sense of space. In a word, it takes good advantage of the topography of mountains, combining the buildings with nature and environment. Furthermore, it create such an art space with dynamic and harmony. This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now |
Lotte Buyeo Resort Baeksangwon / Kim Seunghoy (Seoul National University) + KYWC Architects Posted: 08 Jan 2018 12:00 PM PST
Text description provided by the architects. What should be the starting point of exploring a new style? The answer to this question lies in the style used in the arrangement of the 300 condominiums units: Each condominium unit of Baeksangwon is connected through a balcony-access-type corridor that is curved like a horseshoe. Other corridor styles, such as the type of corridor frequently used in hotels, where housing units can be accessed through a corridor in the middle, can be chosen for the overall purpose of efficiency. But these types of corridors often create an undesirable environment due to artificial lighting and poor ventilation. For this reason, a balcony-access-type corridor was chosen, which is better at providing natural light and offers pretty good ventilation. A curved corridor also offers a more comfortable feeling. Additionally, a balcony-access-type corridor helps retain technique characteristics of both the inner and outer spaces by providing a clear distinction between the front and back. This clear distinction provides better flexibility in the design of the façade of the corridors. The condominium units and corridors are arranged along the two curved lines, which naturally form two courtyards. The first courtyard, which opens to the outside, forms a square at the entrance of the convention hall, and at the same time, an indoor garden. The second courtyard is a multi-functional space, as it connects with many different locations on the lower part of the building (such as cafes, restaurants and a water park). Although the flow of space moves along the curves, a strong axiality is formed, as corridors or canopies also make perpendicular lines. Such a sense of direction is reinforced through a partial symmetry of pillars, lined columns or facades. The process where the round-shaped corridor is connected to the main hall and the garden, as well as the process where the courtyard in front of the conventional hall is connected to the convention hall provides a chance to experience the depth of a clearly defined axis and space. The balcony-access-type corridor was very influential in the way the condominium units are organized. Compared to the units in a hotel type corridor, the units with the balcony-access-type corridor have a much deeper space. Because of the deeper space, each unit is provided with a new floor plan consisting of three areas that lead from the entranceway to the living room. A unit with a courtyard is planned for the top floor, and is based on a unique floor plan of a traditional Korean house. The independent, round-shaped corridor leads visitors to the porch of Baeksangwon and clearly defines the outer space surrounding the corridor. Visitors can view Baeksangwon and its surroundings from every angle by walking along the round-shaped corridor. Additionally, the square inside the corridor can be used as an open space to house various types of events. Two different curved lines with three central points, each outlining the shape of Baeksangwon, successfully provide a new resort condominium style, creating a frame to form various types of space. This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now |
Posted: 08 Jan 2018 11:00 AM PST
Text description provided by the architects. The main concept for this case is "light". Not only making the space have enough nature light, we also brought linear lights, suspended light boxes and backlighting windows on the folding door making various appearance in one space. We applied the concept of angle to many details to make the various look by lights when they project on the different angles. When planning the layout, we added the variable and light penetrating space divider. In additional to the dining function in the dining space, it's also a working area. The living room is not just a relaxing public space but also an individual guest room when you pull the folding door and transform the sofa to bed. To add the space consistency, we used the unpretentious material as extension and applied the rectangular tiles from the floor and extended to the wall. The visual focuses in the public area are the suspended bar and storage light boxes which were made of thin iron sheet. The suspended bar extends to the bedroom divided by the iron sheet window to have different functions. The suspended light boxes show unique interior scenes. It has lights from all four sides so you can see different "scenes" wherever you look at those light boxes. This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now |
Thyssenkrupp GSS / Arquitetura Nacional Posted: 08 Jan 2018 09:00 AM PST
Text description provided by the architects. Located in the busy Sertório Avenue the site was already occupied by a two story building on its front and a storage warehouse on the back of the lot. This was the site chosen by the ThyssenKrupp company to establish its GSS division – Global Shared Services – in Latin America. This division, which has offices in cities such as Essen and Bochum in Germany, Gdansk in Poland and Thane in India, aims to standardize and efficiently run administrative functions worldwide in finance and accounting, human resources, IT and real estate management. With occupation planned in three different phases, the building, which employs today around 100 employees, will be able to absorb up to 235 people. For this, a retrofit design became necessary. After the initial data survey of the buildings, it was proposed the demolition of the existing structure between the two largest volumes. This allowed the creation of a direct connection between the two buildings through a new central construction, which now houses the new main entrance, relocated from the main avenue to the side street, quieter and reserved. This new construction also houses the new restrooms, necessary due to the large increase in employees coming from the new use of the building, and allows an increase of technical area, sheltering the water boxes on its roof. As both existing buildings had great quality masonry walls it was decided not only to maintain but even to reinforce this characteristic by painting all the new interventions and the original structure in the color black. In order to aid the connection between the existing buildings, the ground floor was made on one single level, with diamond polished concrete finishing. With the existing floor of the warehouse in reinforced concrete, the passage of internal infrastructure would be difficult to execute, so advantage was taken in the necessary leveling to elevate the ground floor by 10cm, allowing the passage of infrastructure throughout the entire pavement. In addition to the workstations, the ground floor has closed meeting rooms, informal meeting tables, kitchen, technical areas and a large multipurpose space in the center of the warehouse, available for special and leisure activities. To increase the area available for workstations, a mezzanine made of a metallic structure was designed in the warehouse. A connection between this mezzanine and the second floor of the existing building was created through the new central construction. The carpet floor finishing of this pavement reinforces even further the spatial integration. A future expansion of the mezzanine was also planned, leaving the structure ready for expansion, which will cover the kitchen and workstations areas in the lower part of the warehouse plan. The warehouse also had its roof upgraded with another metal sheet covering, creating an internal layer of EPS between the two roof sheets to increase the thermo-acoustic capacity of the space. All existing external window frames have been replaced with aluminum frames with low-e laminated glass to ensure a good thermal performance and to block the external sound coming mainly from the main avenue in front of the site. In special situations where the entrance of light was desired without compromising the privacy of the internal space, aluminum frames with polycarbonate finishing were used. Finally, all management rooms and meeting rooms have laminated glass closures using colored PVB, highlighting these special spaces and creating a natural hierarchy within the large unified work space. This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now |
Conference: RESONATE | Thinking Sound and Space Posted: 08 Jan 2018 08:00 AM PST MAAT Museum and reSITE partner on a Conference on Architecture, Art and Sound and will bring world's best creators of sound spaces and acoustic experiences to Lisbon. During a one-day international event in collaboration with Berkeley, California's Meyer Sound, we will be thinking about sound and space with architects of the most fascinating contemporary music and culture venues and designers of intriguing sound environments. Artist-led tours, innovative technologies, demonstrations and performances will be part of the event, on top of keynote lectures and discussions with editors from leading global media. Early Bird registrations are open until January 15 for this one-of-a-kind event for architects, artists, engineers and anyone interested in how sound interacts with architecture. #RESONATElisbonLine-upAmongst 20 international speakers, the organizers have confirmed Kjetil Trædal Thorsen, the Founding Partner of Snøhetta who will present the secrets of their successful Oslo Opera House. The Principal Partner of Henning Larsen Peer Teglgaard Jappesen will come from Copenhagen to present the Harpa Concert Hall and Conference Center. Diller Scofidio + Renfro, rebels of the profession and one of the most influential builders of cultural spaces such as Los Angeles' Broad Museum and The Shed between New York's High Line and Hudson Yards, will speak about their achieved and future projects. The event is closely related to Bill Fontana's Shadow Soundings sound and live streaming installation at MAAT and will offer the last opportunity to explore it on an artist-led tour, before its closing. "This one-day conference at MAAT constitutes a unique opportunity to gain an interdisciplinary and creative perspective into a seldom discussed topic, but one that truly affects the way architectural space is perceived and appreciated," explains Pedro Gadanho, Director of MAAT Museum, an innovative institution attractive by its breathtaking building, one of the latest achievements of Amanda Levete located at the seafront with iconic Lisbon views. "Most tend to see and talk about architecture as a 3D discipline, focusing on its visual, spatial and functional aspects. But architecture is always experienced in 4D," says Martin Barry, reSITE's Founder. "Sound and acoustic aspects are crucial for people's experience of public spaces that have always been reSITE's core interest. We are proud to present with the MAAT museum the absolute essence of the best knowledge from around the world on the intersection of architecture and sound innovation and their crossovers to art and experiment." RESONATE is the fruit of a new partnership between co-organizers, both fostering innovation and globally relevant dialogue: Who should attend?The event addresses professionals—architects, researchers, media, sound and digital technology engineers, cultural leaders, curators and students of all mentioned disciplines. A pre-carnival evening party for all attendees will be organized after the conference wrap-up at the museum sea-view terrace. WHAT: RESONATE | Thinking sound and space. A conference on Architecture, Art and Sound in collaboration with Meyer Sound Download the information related to this event here.
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Vistas de Cerro Grande Community Center / Arquitectura en Proceso Posted: 08 Jan 2018 07:00 AM PST
Text description provided by the architects. Vistas del Cerro Grande is an irregular settlement located on the southeast periphery of Chihuahua City. Its characteristics were very specific and particular since it lacked services and urban infrastructure. The generalized insecurity in the city and the lack of public spaces turned this neighborhood into a troubled and dangerous area. In response to this situation, the government in turn promoted the construction of 3 community-based projects to support the development of the area with the intention of promoting the safety and well-being of the inhabitants. A community center, a health center and a sports center were built to address these priority issues. The project of the community center Vistas del Cerro Grande is developed from three important points: the user, the program and its geographical location. The complex is surrounded by a series of mountains that contains it. The visual from any point of the community center looks at a mountain. To the west, Cerro Grande is an iconic mountain of the city, to the south a small mountain range, to the east the Sierra of Santa Eulalia and the North Sierra de Nombre de Dios. The fact of being located between these natural elements becomes a relation of visual focuses that intervene in the design process, seeking that the buildings simulate or represent the same mountains and in turn dialogue with them and with each other. Based on the relationships between spaces, daily paths and visual relationships existing in the site, we started from conceptual exercises through layers of physical information of the place in interconnection with the travel of the sun throughout the day and during the year. The architectural program allowed us to "break" the building and look for a series of built spaces, distributed in the void of the visual and pedestrian routes that people traveled in day to day. The intention to break this space was to avoid a massive building in a context where the scale and structure is very horizontal and very small. The results obtained from the conceptual process were the precise locations where the sun and people traveled, which allowed us to start our design process from the exterior spaces that had to be maintained and locate what was built in the empty spaces. Each volume responds to a function in the architectural program. These ephemeral objects take materiality seeking to determine a basic architecture in their processes which was understood and assimilated by the user. Because of the peripheral character and precarious housing that prevails in the urban environment we decided to use traditional materials, of constructive simplicity such as the walls of cut stone, a traditional system of the region. The roughness, the capriciousness of the material and the decision of the mason, the one who constructs the wall, discover in the day to day a different architecture determined by the same elements that conceptually defined it. This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now |
CF Møller’s Nature Park is Designed to Flood to Save the Nearby Town Posted: 08 Jan 2018 06:00 AM PST CF Møller's Storkeengen (Stork Meadow) is a landscape solution, bringing the town of Randers closer to the longest river in Denmark, the Gudenå River to prevent the threat of flooding. The storm protection uses the wetland meadows as an attractive nature park to handle the raised stormwater level, whilst a recreational pathway increases accessibility with the nature areas across the river. Cloudburst routes are planned throughout the town to lead rainwater from roofs, roads and carparks to Storkeengen, where the water will be naturally purified in basins designed as the meadow areas and filtered through to the Gudenå River. By integrating climate protection with urban and natural development, the town of Randers can achieve 'the City to the Water' vision whilst being protected from the future effects of climate change. Storkeengen will hold an array of unique nature types where people can go canoeing down the Gudenå River and enjoy sunsets at the waterside. The new pathways will enhance Randers as a riverside town despite its low-lying position and is an example or urban nature and urban life combined. Storkeengen is a climate adaptation project, resulting from the cooperation of CF Møller Landscape and Orbicon with Randers Vanmilijø and Randers Municipality. The project has involved many of the local community, future users and stakeholders to participate in the evolution of Storkeengen as a concept, ensuring an understanding of the connection between the town and natural landscape. This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now |
Chiviquí Houses / Bernardo Bustamante Posted: 08 Jan 2018 05:00 AM PST
Text description provided by the architects. Chiviquí is a neighborhood of Tumbaco, located in the foothills of the Ilaló volcano, traditionally of agribusiness, it seems to be colonized by new settlers from displacements of the population of Quito to the valleys, where multiple new constructions of single and multifamily houses have been implanted. The project is placed in a cornered plot, inside of a little stock of six lots limited by a passage and the main road of the complex, which allowed the placement of the houses in the perimeter, each one in its own street, closing the corner with the buildings and allowing the independent access to each of them along the tracks. The proposal comes with the need of making two twin houses for two brothers. The program was extensive and the lot reduced, for which it was proposed to generate common areas that could be shared among users, optimizing the use of the land. The parking lots and service spaces were placed underground, taking advantage of the natural slope that facilitate the access, from the underground is possible the entrance to the houses directly to the two independent circulating nuclei, which then becomes the vertical circulations of each one of the houses. Also, they share gardens, recreational areas like the swimming pool and the jacuzzi that are located in the patio that embrace the buildings. The houses have similar areas, but they are not same; three bedrooms, each one with its own bathroom a dressing room, television room, a study room that is linked to the double height and a wide social area that is contained in a monospace, living room dining room and an open kitchen, all these areas are closed to a big exterior porch covered by the volumes of the top floor. The constructive system is of foundations and retaining walls of reinforced concrete with columns and steel beams, slabs on cooperating plate. The arquitectural response pretends to be coherent with the place. The scale of the building is respectful with the neighbors, the corner is marked by a three meters float, the implantation of the volumes is parallel to the urban plot which allows wide front gardens towards the streets keeping the vegetation as protagonists, according to the landscape of the valleys of Quito This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now |
The Glacier Shelter Built from Nothing but Wood Posted: 08 Jan 2018 04:00 AM PST At an altitude of 2735m, architecture students at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland have built The Bonatti Bivouc, a temporary refuge for the A Neuve's glacier. The shelter uses the envelope as a structural object, eradicating the need for metal, screws, or nails. Informed by theoretical architect Semper, their design uses the joints to form a piece of architecture. Bonatti Bivouc was inspired by vernacular Swiss construction raccard so that the wood construction system of the shelter can survive these heights using the right insulation. The glacier poses much difficulty due to both the altitude and potential for glacial movements, therefore the structure has been made to be mountable and demountable to survive in such conditions. The design of the shelter was formed using parametric software, Grasshopper, to generate the seemingly complex system. By using such software, the students could adapt the structure to automatically size all the planks accordingly for the final evolved form. Overall, the design took three weeks and the construction of the shelter took another ten days, all of which was performed by the architecture students using basic tools such as Japanese saws and wood chisels. Architects: EAST/EPFL This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now |
Memoir Medical Clinic / Estudio ELGUE Posted: 08 Jan 2018 03:00 AM PST
In the middle of formulation and reformulation of the contemporary city model in search of multiple resource optimization, the issue of housing production occupies a relevant chapter if we talk about energy saving, efficient mobility and reduced pollution. The space - time between these two activities is determinant, the greater the gap between housing and work, the greater the problems. From there, the idea of the urban productive unit is a solution, "I work where I live and I live where I work"; and if, in addition, existing structures for Reform and Enlargement are reused, we believe that we are collaborating with an efficient model of city, and we are facing an operation not only of recycling material, but also of an ethical order. The project consists of the reform of an existing house into a medical clinic - house, a space that is not entirely public or entirely private, a "half-breed" space. The clinic is articulated spatially as two bars of offices parallel to the street (one existing and the other proposed) and an interstice that contains common areas: stairs, services and patios, a withdrawal of the municipal line as a public space, which connects the street with the interior of waiting rooms and patios, unifying them in a large void at ground level. The building proposes natural resources for energy saving: patios N/S for ventilation and natural lighting, difference in ceiling heights for cross ventilation, convection ventilation, indirect light E/W, and a ceramic brick mesh for the west façade, the most exposed to the sun in Paraguay. Although brick is a commonly used material for its abundance and low cost in Paraguay, recognized in its logic of supporting material, in this work we use it in the opposite direction, exploring other non-traditional modes of construction. Using the technique of prefabrication of panels armed in site, we propose skins in multiple structural conditions: hanging and detachable in ceilings; working the cut in a double skin that unifies new construction with the existing one and in a double-height mesh supported at an equilibrium point: in a mixed structural condition, traction compression and lateral buckling ... this ceramic shell is a large parasol that solves heat and excess light of the west quadrant and configures the main part of the assembly, connects the whole to the street, and is responsible for the final image. In this fusion between public and private space, this brick epidermis functions as a configurator and identifier of the public space from the interior of the clinic to the public outdoor space. In the dialectic public space,clinic and private space, these ceramic membranes suspended horizontally and vertically construct the intestine that configures the common space: that of the meeting between the house and the clinic, the permanent inhabitant and the transitory, and connects them to the street... it is a mark, the accent of a voice that tries to extract the essence of that mixed life and offers it to the city, as an expression of a more urban life.... and more human. This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now |
How to Survive Your Very First Critique in Architecture School Posted: 08 Jan 2018 01:30 AM PST For the fresh architecture student, the "jury," "review," or "crit" is far from glorious—sounding more like a death knell than a customary critique session. The concept, as Kathryn Anthony explores in Design Juries on Trial: The Renaissance of the Design Studio, goes as far back as the 1980s when the Ecole Nationale et Speciale des Beaux-Arts in Paris became the first art and architecture school to experiment with a format that would soon be adopted by architectural schools across the world. While some schools have taken steps to loosen traditional hierarchies, others continuing to reinforce them, much to the terror of fledgling first-year students who aren't used to being "tried." So what can one really do to ease into this rather uncomfortable aspect of architectural education? Below is a fairly simple list of dos and don'ts that could go a long way in helping you out. 1. Don't imagine your juror to be some sort of monster, infallible genius, etc.While you will come across different types of jurors during the course of five years, it's best to bear in mind that the person critiquing your first-ever work is not necessarily there to point out the flaws in your design, or deem you a failure, but to help you learn. By allowing yourself to detach the jurors from the god-like status usually associated with them, you're likely to feel less edgy, and hence, more receptive to their advice or criticism. 2. Get some shut-eyeWhat? While everyone else is slaving away at their models and drawings throughout the night? This might sound like useless advice, but it actually works wonders! Spending the whole night working (unless absolutely necessary) can not only be counterproductive, but also makes you groggy, less sharp, forgetful, and worse, more likely to mess up explaining your work the following morning. 3. Don't worry about "complete," worry about "thorough"Quality over quantity always works—that's a tip that can help you throughout all your years in architecture school. Don't look at the next-door neighbor in the studio who's churning out drawings at breakneck speed or littering their table with a dozen study models before the pin-up. Jurors are likely to see through all the vacuous "hard work" and would get to the point quickly. More often than not, even if you present a design which is incomplete but thorough in its process, you will come out stronger. Being honest with your work also gives you the option to build on it later when you get down to completing it for your portfolio. 4. Don't hanker after gradesThe earlier years of architectural education are usually the most fun when you're allowed, encouraged and often expected to question and experiment. Why waste time being "proper" or "correct," worrying over what your juror might think, or mulling over whether you'll be able to get a good grade or not? Juries are never objective anyway, so it's best to enjoy the work instead of stressing out. 5. No unnecessary architectural jargon, pleaseWhile you might be itching to flaunt those new terms you learned this semester, think twice before using wordy explanations and overly drawn-out theories. Focus on being succinct as some jurors may run out of patience or get bored quickly. Or worse, if you use a term that you're unsure of, it could be embarrassing if you're asked to explain what you mean by it. 6. Explain, reason, question—but don't get defensiveCrits can be unnerving, and sometimes unfair too. But always remember that clear reasoning works, while defensive behavior only complicates and deflects from the real argument. Also, don't be afraid of asking questions; sometimes, that's the best way to start a productive discussion. 7. And lastly, if it doesn't go well, just take it in your stride!No use mulling over the whys and should-haves. Take a moment to reflect on what was discussed, make notes on what you could improve on next time, and congratulate yourself for having made it to the finish line. On to better things in the next project! Images for this article were kindly provided by Andrea Vasquez. For more on the subject, check out our previous coverage below:
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ED Cabin / Lorena Troncoso Valencia Posted: 08 Jan 2018 01:00 AM PST
Text description provided by the architects. The project is located in the south central Chile, a mountainous locality recognized for tourism in extreme high mountain sports such as the Termas de Chillán skys center. The area presents a lush vegetation of native trees with sight to the Andes mountain range, in the middle there is a small ravine with a depth of 15 meters on which the project is located. The cottage is raised triangular asymmetric in its upper part, inspired by the iconic form of the mountain that is appreciated behind its back. You can also see from its terrace the landscape of the ravine in its maximum splendor. The project is conceived as a large space with two levels, communicated to each other by a double height and a sleeping area on the first level. In the central space is the kitchen and living room that connects spatially with the bedroom of the second level and at the same time this is connected through a bridge with a desk area. All these spaces are projected towards the main terrace overlooking the gully. The window of the main façade is retracted diagonally to generate shade in times of greater sunning. The large transparencies welcome the abundant foliage of the trees inside the cottage, belding the exterior and interior, allowing a greater permeability between different points of the project. The side terrace borders the cabin generating a semi open roof space, which creates a second protected access, necessary for the winter. The project materialized in wood with some supports of steel that allow greater space coverage, which is covered with black horizontal table that enhances the presence of the surrounding green. While the interior creates contrast between the wood and stone wall. This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now |
Architecture Documentaries to Watch in 2018 Posted: 08 Jan 2018 12:00 AM PST The new year is here! And with it, a new slate of documentaries we're dying to see. BIG TIME / Kaspar Astrup Schroder1h33min (2017) / English As one of the highlights of contemporary architectural production, ahead of the Danish BIG office, Bjarke Ingels is now considered one of the largest and most promising names in the creative industry. With an uneasy profile, always in search of new challenges - trying to overcome them, and above all creatively inspiring, in this documentary Ingels is portrayed from a professional and personal point of view, to understand the universe that stimulates him. With obvious but intriguing statements, the architect makes us always reflect, as in "the best thing about being an architect is that you build buildings." Impressed with the concept of designing buildings, a system that allows unusual and surprising combinations, is one of the points mentioned during the film. Tudo é Projeto (Everything is a Project) / Joana Mendes da Rocha and Patricia Rubano1h14min (2017) / Portuguese Directed by Joana Mendes da Rocha and Patricia Rubano, the documentary portrays the life and work of the Pritzker 2006 winning architect, Paulo Mendes da Rocha, through first-person interviews with his daughter and Ana Resende, co-director of the film. Considered the most recognized Brazilian architect in the world, he is the author of iconic projects such as the Official Pavilion of Brazil at Expo 70, in Osaka, the Brazilian Museum of Sculpture (MUBE), in São Paulo, the Sports Club of the Paulistano Athletic Club, the renovation of the Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo, the Sesc 24 de Maio (in partnership with MMBB), among many others that are still under construction, such as Cais das Artes, in Vitória (a partnership with Metro Architects). we are given the opportunity to get to know his thinking side, which is extraordinarily thought-provoking. Workshop for Peace; The Construction of the UN / UN headquarters54min (2016) / English In just 54 minutes, this documentary narrates the constructive process of the emblematic headquarters of the United Nations in New York, a building designed in collaboration by Oscar Niemeyer and Le Corbusier through a commission led by Wallace K. Harrison. In the film, facts are portrayed as the choice of the project, phases of the construction and still an interview with Niemeyer. I am Gentrification: Confessions of a Scoundrel / Thomas Haemmerli1h38min (2017) / Swiss Approaching the urbanism and transformations in the Swiss urban space as the main focus, director Thomas Haemmerli points out in some places where he lived, such as São Paulo, Zurich and Mexico City, and the gentrification process clashes. Ponto de vista / Ingrid Mabelle30min (2015) / Portuguese As the result of a journalism course completed in December 2015, the documentary seeks to portray through ten different points of view, how the dynamics in the alteration of the geographical space could ensure that the residents of the Elevado Costa e Silva, current Elevado Presidente João Goulart, do not suffer from the process of gentrification - replacing less wealthy residents with others with greater purchasing power. The film also points out historical data and different opinions in interviews of residents, urbanists, and experts, exposing the current market value in the surroundings of the Elevado building, which in recent years has been receiving too many proposals and interventions. Urbanized / Gary Hustwit1h25min (2011) / English Directed by Gary Hustwit, the documentary presents an insight into the design of contemporary cities under different aspects faced in their idealization. He also understands different opinions of some of the most renowned architects, urban planners, politicians, builders and thinkers, such as Rem Koolhaas, Alejandro Aravena, Norman Foster, Joshua David, Oscar Niemeyer and James Canton. It is worth highlighting that more than half of the world's population lives in urban areas, and more than 75% will live up to 2050. But while some cities are experiencing explosive growth, others are in the process of condensing. The challenges of balancing housing, mobility, public space, popular participation, economic development and environmental policies are rapidly becoming a universal concern. Yet most discourses on these themes are disconnected from the public domain. Thus, the film proposes new approaches to deal with the advantages and disadvantages of urbanity. Minimalism - A documentary about the important things / Matt D'Avella1h19min (2015) / English Directed by Mt D'Avella, the documentary produced from inquiries of the duo responsible for The Minimalists, seeks to fully examine the practice of the minimalist lifestyle in the contemporary era, synthesizing the film into a single question: less is more? It is what people who believe that material goods do not bring happiness seek to respond through the series of interviewees for which the documentary is organized. Cholet: The work of Freddy Mamani / Isaac Niemand1h02min (2016) / Spanish Seeking to highlight the work of the Bolivian architect Mamani, responsible for part of the architectural identity of the country, based on a work described as rebellious and individualistic. Mamani's work is inspired by his own culture and iconography, along with the culture of his ancestors, the Tiwanaco peoples. Dust and Lipstick on the Brazilian Central Plateau: 50 Women in the Construction of Brasilia / Tânia Fontenele Mourão, Tania Quaresma e Mônica Gaspar58min (2016) / Portuguese Presented by 50 women, pioneers and newcomers to the new Brazilian capital between 1956 and 1960, remaining in the Federal District for at least 20 years, the documentary presents the process of building the Brasília city. A new and feminine way of recovering the history of the beginnings of the city built from scratch and imagined by Juscelino Kubitschek, Niemeyer and Lúcio Costa. Arquitectura in Angola / Pedro Rodrigues1h05min (2017) / Portuguese The documentary explores the reality of education, the profession, and social issues posed to Architecture and Urbanism in the country, based on an initiative of the architecture students of the Metropolitan Polytechnic Institute of Angola (IMETRO) in Luanda. In the film, it is possible to identify the way in which the African architects have faced the marks left by the civil war, after independence of the Portuguese power. It is still possible to identify narratives to the relations between teachers and students, the reality of women in architecture, the influences of architects such as Le Corbusier, Frank Lloyd Wright, Oscar Niemeyer and Zaha Hadid and Vasco Vieira da Costa, Portuguese architects naturalized in Angola. Citizen Jane: Battle for the City / Sabine Krayenbühl e Zeva Oelbaum1h32min (2016) / English Launched two years ago, on the centenary of American urban activist Jane Jacobs, the film aims to present a glimpse of Jacobs' past, based on his book, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, and on the confrontations with Robert Moses, stressing the legacy of this prominent figure in world urbanism. The urbanist symbol of the struggle for the improvement of urban space design. REM / Tomas Koolhaas1h15min (2016) / English Directed by his son, Tomas Koolhaas, the documentary address part of the ideas and works of Rem Koolhaas, Dutch architect, and thinker - grandson of the architect Dirk Roosenburg and son of author and thinker Anton Koolhaas. A critic and responsible for one of the most brilliant minds in the world Architecture, Rem, is today the owner of a profile in evidence, always in search of new parameters and reinvention of the architect's role. Suggested by Tomas Koolhaas as "the first documentary to fully explore human conditions in [the OMA] buildings and around them," it alludes to a powerful cinematic experience whose quality is unparalleled in the world of architectural documentaries. Koolhaas explains: "I think it's far better to say," explains Rem Koolhaas, "that we are challenged by people's needs." Bikes VS Cars / Fredrik Gertten1h30min (2015) / English Under a very suggestive title, cinematographic production does not exclusively explore the war for space, but the process by which the unbridled growth of the automotive engineering industry has influenced the public policies of cities and how cyclists begin to partially alter the scenario. Cities like São Paulo and Copenhagen are approached, evidencing the impressive indexes. Filmed between 2012 and 2014 in the state capital, Gertten recorded the election of the former mayor of São Paulo Fernando Haddad and the beginning of the transformations and incentive to use the bicycle. The excellent rates of Copenhagen and the fight for more bike spaces in Los Angeles are still evident. Among the testimonies are those of the Brazilian architect and urbanist Raquel Rolnik and that of journalist and reporter Aline Cavalcante. Diller Scofidio + Renfro: Reimagining Lincoln Center and the High Line / Muffie Dunn and Tom Piper55min (2012) / English With just 55 minutes, the documentary highlights the story of the Diller Scofidio + Renfro office in its process of reimagining the public identities of two large urban spaces designed in New York City: Lincoln Center and High Line. Tadao Ando: From Emptiness to Infinity / Mathias Frick53min (2013) / English In tribute to the master of Japanese minimalist architecture, Tadao Ando, the film glimpses the creative process and brilliance of his work. Known for his extreme rigor and ability to sensitize his production, Ando exposes here the genius by which he poetically orders his forms in the relationship between inner and outer space, diluting the boundaries between the constructed object and nature. Conceptually and aesthetically, his designs create a link between traditional Japanese architecture and contemporaneity, while expressing his belief in spatial change. Megastructures - Roman Architecture / BBC1h06min (2016) / English As part of the historic innovations and constructions developed in Rome, the Italian capital remains one of the cradles of Architecture, retaining a series of historical and important buildings. The documentary produced by the BBC aims to present some of these emblematic buildings. The City Dark / Ian Cheney1h24min (2011) / English In addition to preventing people from enjoying the stars, the intensity of the lights of big cities turn into light pollution, which can affect the environment and contribute to the development of serious diseases. After moving to New York City, filmmaker Ian Cheney asks a simple question - do we need the stars? - taking him from Brooklyn to Mauna Kea, Paris and other countries wondering this. Telos: The Fantastic World of Eugene Tssui / Kyung Lee54min (2014) / English "TELOS" tells the unorthodox life and revolutionary work of Eugene Tssui, an eccentric visiona, y and a nonconformist architect. He questions traditional building standards and puts nature and the environment at the forefront of their projects long before "green" and "eco-friendly" become clichés. The film composes a portrait of Tssui as a "Renaissance man": athlete, designer and singular visual artist as well as architect. While its sustainable building principles have become a trend and a necessity, its aesthetic has not yet received the approval of the mainstream. Rejected by the status quo and challenged to defend its futuristic and still naturalistic visions, Tssui finds unexpected allies in the small mountain town where he longs to build his architectural fantasy. Making Space: 5 Women Changing the Face of Architecture / Ultan Guilfoyle49min (2014) / English Making Space profiles five contemporary architects and some of their most exciting projects. They are Annabelle Selldorf (New York), Marianne McKenna (Toronto), Kathryn Gustafson (Seattle, Washington D.C. and London), Farshid Moussavi (London), and Odile Decq (Paris). How did these women get to the top in a profession dominated by men? What drives and challenges them? What is the nature of the creative process? Does gender play a role in architectural design? The documentary shows these extraordinary women in and out of their workplaces, hears curators, critics and clients, and visits spectacular locations. Bernardes / Gustavo Gama Rodrigues and Paulo de Barros1h31min (2014) / Portuguese The documentary shows the life and work of one of Brazil's leading architects. The film reveals the controversial and sweeping professional and family life of the architect, urbanist, designer, writer, poet, inventor and, above all, humanist misunderstood by his time. Ventura Terra - Projecting Modernity / Fernando Carrilho55min (2017) / Portuguese This documentary is about the Portuguese architect Miguel Ventura Terra (1866-1919), which significantly marked the landscape of the city of Lisbon and left a group of works relevant throughout Portugal, public architecture, private and religious. Ventura Terra - Projecting Modernity (re) visits them and (re) discovers them such works, in their different typologies and geographies. Documentary and iconographic sources illustrate existing or already demolished buildings, elucidate on the work done and the projected work. The documentary also covers the plans proposed by Ventura Terra for urban transformation and modernization. The Construction of Villa Além / Miguel Tavares, Tiago Costa, Ana Resende and Rui Manuel Vieira55min (2017) / Portuguese The film documents the construction of a house in the Alentejo, from the virgin landscape to the inhabited building, going through all the intermediate steps. The attentive and rigorous look of the filmmakers replicates the precision of the straight lines of the project (designed over the years by the Swiss architect Valerio Olgiati and his wife for his own enjoyment). A house as elegant as the movie that portrays it. Was the Hotel Cambridge / Eliane affé1h39min (2016) / Portuguese Refugees newly arrived in Brazil share an old abandoned building in the center of São Paulo with a group of homeless people. The new residents of the building have to deal with their personal dramas and learn to live with people who, although different, face life together on the streets. David Chipperfield: A Place To Be / BBC1h15 min (2015) /EAn episode Episode of the BBC Series Imagine ..., in which Alan Yentob talks to the internationally renowned British architect David Chipperfield. Described as classic, minimalist, simple, he prefers to label his "human" architecture. The talk covers his projects in Berlin, his love of the city and its history and the 11 years that passed in the transformation of the Neues Museum, his "masterpiece." He also talks about his ongoing projects in the United States. Neighbors2h35min (2016) / Portuguese Neighbors is a documentary series composed of four episodes. Throughout each of these moments, we are brought to know the solutions found by Siza Vieira for the different challenges. There are four cases, coming from four different times and geographies, but always with the common denominator of being social neighborhoods designed by the Portuguese architect. Brasília - Life After Design / Bart Simpson1h28min (2017) / English Brasilia: Life After Design takes us to a city rarely seen by the international spectator: what is it like living in someone else's idea? The scary environment of Niemeyer and Costa's dream echoes throughout the life of a series of characters, each trying to mark his mark in today's city: Sergio, the robust urban planner who defends the city's plan, but knows he must adapt; Helize, studying to become a federal public servant - the dream of so many Brazilian students. And Willians, a street vendor, who tries to find a meaningful connection in a city built to divide. Life and Death of an Architect / Miguel Eek52min (2017) / Spanish In February of 1968, Jose Ferragut, the most important architect of Majorca, was found dead in a field. The case was closed for lack of evidence. During the 50s and 60s, the beginning of tourism changed the reality of the Mediterranean countries. Amazing landscapes have been transformed for the exploration of tourism. Ferragut fought corruption and uncontrollable development of the coast and amassed enemies of politics and developers. But Ferragut had another question. He was gay in a society that criminalized and followed homosexuals. Therefore, he lived a double life until his death, as an introverted and depressed man. 50 years later, Life and Death of an Architect asks how and why this man was brutally killed in 1968 by two prostitutes. Amare Gio Ponti / Francesca Molteni35min (2015) / Italian An image of the man and the architect, aspiring painter, promoter of Italian design who, in more than fifty years of activity, tried everything - arts, occupations, objects, architecture and materials - with tireless energy, from small to large scale, from the drawing of a handle to the formulation of an urban plan. "Architecture is an interpretation of life," he used to write. A popularizer of the modern who risked indifference and being completely forgotten. The film seeks to investigate the reasons for this mistrust, especially of critics. And it also seeks to advance the motives of the new fortune that has seen it, in recent years, rediscovered and re-proposed as European and international model architect. Why, to paraphrase Ponti, who used to say that "art fell in love with industry," did the industry of yesterday and today fall in love with Gio Ponti? Made in Ilima / Thatcher Bean1h05min (2017) / English In the center of the Democratic Republic of Congo Province, the Ilima community continues to be one of the most isolated in the world. They coexisted with wild animals for generations in the surrounding forest, but as the pace of development increased, this fragile ecosystem suffered. The community partnered with the African Wildlife Foundation and architecture company, MASS Design Group, in 2012 to create a new elementary school and community conservation center. The film documents our collective construction process - one designed to leverage local crafts and ecological knowledge for education, preservation and beauty. Glenn Murcutt - Spirit of Place / Catherine Hunter1h05min (2017) / English The film does not address only the work of the inspiring Australian architect who has won many awards, including the most prestigious, the Pritzker. But it also accompanies Murcutt's first major public commission, a mosque for the Muslim community of Newport, Melbourne, Australia. Despite the first reservations against a modern building, Murcutt establishes a close personal relationship with the community and the project is fully funded by the donations of the people. See also our lists of the previous years:
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Micro-Scale Modeling: How to Construct Tiny, Intricate Worlds From Ordinary Materials Posted: 07 Jan 2018 10:00 PM PST Joshua Smith, a miniaturist and former stencil artist based in South Australia, constructs tiny, intricate worlds for a living. His work, which exhibits astonishing observational and representational skills, focuses on the "overlooked aspects of the urban environment – such as grime, rust and decay to discarded cigarettes and graffiti," all recreated at a scale of 1:20. Smith, who has been making model kits for around a decade, only recently chose to move away from a 16-year-long career creating stencil art. With his creative talents now focused on model-making, and all those skills which accompany the craft, ArchDaily asks: how do you do it? AD: Take us through your modeling process! JS: First of all I find the building I want to replicate, either in person or using Google Maps Street View. From there I start to reverse engineer the building and break it down into components (i.e. the doors, windows, street, electrical boxes and so on). I then start working out which materials I will be using to create each component from scratch. Corrugated card, for example, for roller doors; MDF for the base of the building. Once I have the base built I lay down a base coat of paint and start weathering it using brushes and chalk pastels. It's during this stage that the building starts to look real and from here I start adding the wiring and the electrics for interior and exterior lighting and, in some cases, sensor activated lighting. What scale do you work in? I almost only work in 1:20 as I find it easier to do the calculations to create the scale version of the builds. I usually go off one small aspect, such as a door or a brick, and using Adobe Photoshop I work out the scale for the rest of the building. In terms of the main materials I use: MDF for the base, 1mm-thick cardboard for window frames, black card for more detailed areas, and 0.25mm-thick plastic card for windows. I use spray paint, acrylic paint and chalk pastels for painting and weathering the building to create the realism. How long does each artwork take to produce? How important is creating a perfect mimic of reality? It depends on the build. The smallest and less complex ones can take from a day to a few days to complete. The longest build, which was my Kowloon Miniature, took three solid months working on average six to seven days a week and eight to sixteen hour-long days. I strive to create a reality. I take as many reference photos as possible to mimic every single streak of rust, grime and chipping of stonework. I want viewers to be fooled, if I take a photo of the completed work in sunlight, to think it is the real thing. Have you ever considered becoming an Architect? It was something I considered when I was thinking of going to University but, back then, I was mistakenly under the impression that as an Architect I would have to design buildings which didn't fall down (I didn't realise that was more the role of engineers!). So instead I chose to study Graphic Design. My miniatures are mainly for artworks to be exhibited but I am now looking to create architectural models for firms. Miniature Spaces Carved From Stone Stone Sculptures Reveal Monumental Architecture at a Micro Scale This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now |
CONCRETUS House / SINGULAR STUDIO Posted: 07 Jan 2018 09:00 PM PST
Text description provided by the architects. The idea from which the project developed, was born from a trip to the client’s country, where the need arose, in a certain way, to reproduce the architectural tradition of soviet brutalism that historically has been so present in their lives... and therefore, came Le Corbusier and his bêton brut as project leitmotiv. After the initial ideas, we did a deep reflection between what the house should be on its own, and what it would be because of the place in which it’s framed, an impressive natural landscape facing the sea with a balcony looking over the Mediterranean. Thus, the project emerges as a juxtaposition of ideas that solve different needs. These include concepts that are foreign to one's own architecture, such as the concept of investment, period of stay in the guest area, etc. So, considering these concepts that are not very logical or easy to interweave and apparently are in contradiction with the affable character of the owners, and considering also that some of these concepts could be understood as ostentatious, empty or redundant, it was decided to act decisively and firmly by building a massive volume that clearly expresses the customer's wishes, like a punch at the table. One of the main challenges to be solved would be to provide the house with the maximum possible privacy while not blocking the exceptional sea views of the plot. Therefore, after evaluating the variables of access, orientation, views, bioclimatic hypothesis, privacy and the strong slope of the plot, we decided a geometry whose plant would be an "L" shape, where the northeast facade is transparent, i.e. a large window that turns into a lookout to the sea, and the rest of the facades, are opaque, massive, pure concrete that ensures the necessary privacy regarding the neighborhood. In addition, thanks to cross ventilation, thermal mass, solar protections and a detailed study of shadows, an efficient home was achieved, with very low energy consumption. In this sense, a particularity of this dwelling, is to have built it without having used a single brick... all the facades and partitions of the house have been made of exposed concrete executed in-situ, as a coherent denouement to the aforesaid bêton brut. Therefore, it was decided to be very simple and to use few materials ... only concrete, wood and steel, all of them basic but very noble materials. The house offers a unique answer to different problems, clearly separating the more public areas from the private ones, as well as the night program from the day. The house is composed of two floors, on the ground floor is located the day program, except for the main bedroom, which is inserted in the northwest façade. However, the night program is distributed on the first floor, where the garage and the main access of the house are also located, due to the need of access to the top of the plot. In the intersection zone of the two wings you can find the hall and the vertical nucleus of communication in double height, articulating the distribution of the rooms of both plants. The building forms a unique and resounding volume, despite the fact that the ground floor is larger, this part of the building is buried underground, so the exterior perception remains as that of a single container space. In the exterior, native vegetation has been used and the original terraces of the plot have been restored, achieving maximum integration of the house in the natural context in which it is framed. This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now |
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